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{{DISPLAYTITLE:具体对象层 — Python 文档}}
 
<div id="concrete-objects-layer" class="section">
 
<div id="concrete-objects-layer" class="section">
  
 
<span id="concrete"></span>
 
<span id="concrete"></span>
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= Concrete Objects Layer =
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= 具体对象层 =
  
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The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types.
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本章中的函数特定于某些 Python 对象类型。 向它们传递错误类型的对象不是一个好主意； 如果您从 Python 程序接收到一个对象，但您不确定它的类型是否正确，则必须先执行类型检查； 例如，要检查对象是否是字典，请使用 [[../dict#c|PyDict_Check()]]。 本章的结构类似于 Python 对象类型的“家谱”。
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Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive an
 
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object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right type,
 
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you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an object is a
 
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dictionary, use [[../dict#c|<code>PyDict_Check()</code>]]. The chapter is structured like the
 
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&quot;family tree&quot; of Python object types.
 
  
 
<div class="admonition warning">
 
<div class="admonition warning">
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警告
 
警告
  
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While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of the
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虽然本章中描述的函数会仔细检查传入的对象的类型，但其中许多函数不会检查传递的是 <code>NULL</code> 而不是有效对象。 允许传入 <code>NULL</code> 会导致内存访问冲突并立即终止解释器。
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objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for <code>NULL</code> being passed
 
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instead of a valid object. Allowing <code>NULL</code> to be passed in can cause memory
 
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access violations and immediate termination of the interpreter.
 
  
  
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<span id="fundamental"></span>
 
<span id="fundamental"></span>
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== Fundamental Objects ==
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== 基本对象 ==
  
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This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object <code>None</code>.
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本节介绍 Python 类型对象和单例对象 <code>None</code>。
  
 
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
 
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
  
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* [[../type|Type Objects]]
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* [[../type|类型对象]]
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** [[../type#creating-heap-allocated-types|Creating Heap-Allocated Types]]
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** [[../type#creating-heap-allocated-types|创建堆分配类型]]
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* [[../none|The <code>None</code> Object]]
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* [[../none|<code>None</code> 对象]]
  
  
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<span id="numericobjects"></span>
 
<span id="numericobjects"></span>
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== Numeric Objects ==
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== 数字对象 ==
  
 
<div id="index-0" class="toctree-wrapper compound">
 
<div id="index-0" class="toctree-wrapper compound">
  
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* [[../long|Integer Objects]]
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* [[../long|整数对象]]
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* [[../bool|Boolean Objects]]
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* [[../bool|布尔对象]]
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* [[../float|Floating Point Objects]]
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* [[../float|浮点对象]]
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* [[../complex|Complex Number Objects]]
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* [[../complex|复数对象]]
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** [[../complex#complex-numbers-as-c-structures|Complex Numbers as C Structures]]
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** [[../complex#complex-numbers-as-c-structures|作为 C 结构的复数]]
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** [[../complex#complex-numbers-as-python-objects|Complex Numbers as Python Objects]]
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** [[../complex#complex-numbers-as-python-objects|复数作为 Python 对象]]
  
  
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<span id="sequenceobjects"></span>
 
<span id="sequenceobjects"></span>
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== Sequence Objects ==
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== 序列对象 ==
  
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Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter;
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序列对象的泛型操作在前一章中讨论过； 本节讨论 Python 语言固有的特定类型的序列对象。
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this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are
 
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intrinsic to the Python language.
 
  
 
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
 
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
  
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* [[../bytes|Bytes Objects]]
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* [[../bytes|字节对象]]
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* [[../bytearray|Byte Array Objects]]
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* [[../bytearray|字节数组对象]]
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** [[../bytearray#type-check-macros|Type check macros]]
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** [[../bytearray#type-check-macros|类型检查宏]]
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** [[../bytearray#direct-api-functions|Direct API functions]]
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** [[../bytearray#direct-api-functions|直接 API 函数]]
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** [[../bytearray#macros|Macros]]
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** [[../bytearray#macros|宏]]
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* [[../unicode|Unicode Objects and Codecs]]
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* [[../unicode|Unicode 对象和编解码器]]
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** [[../unicode#unicode-objects|Unicode Objects]]
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** [[../unicode#unicode-objects|Unicode 对象]]
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*** [[../unicode#unicode-type|Unicode Type]]
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*** [[../unicode#unicode-type|Unicode 类型]]
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*** [[../unicode#unicode-character-properties|Unicode Character Properties]]
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*** [[../unicode#unicode-character-properties|Unicode 字符属性]]
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*** [[../unicode#creating-and-accessing-unicode-strings|Creating and accessing Unicode strings]]
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*** [[../unicode#creating-and-accessing-unicode-strings|创建和访问 Unicode 字符串]]
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*** [[../unicode#deprecated-py-unicode-apis|Deprecated Py_UNICODE APIs]]
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*** [[../unicode#deprecated-py-unicode-apis|已弃用的 Py_UNICODE API]]
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*** [[../unicode#locale-encoding|Locale Encoding]]
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*** [[../unicode#locale-encoding|语言环境编码]]
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*** [[../unicode#file-system-encoding|File System Encoding]]
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*** [[../unicode#file-system-encoding|文件系统编码]]
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*** [[../unicode#wchar-t-support|wchar_t Support]]
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*** [[../unicode#wchar-t-support|wchar_t 支持]]
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** [[../unicode#built-in-codecs|Built-in Codecs]]
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** [[../unicode#built-in-codecs|内置编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#generic-codecs|Generic Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#generic-codecs|通用编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#utf-8-codecs|UTF-8 Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#utf-8-codecs|UTF-8 编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#utf-32-codecs|UTF-32 Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#utf-32-codecs|UTF-32 编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#utf-16-codecs|UTF-16 Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#utf-16-codecs|UTF-16 编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#utf-7-codecs|UTF-7 Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#utf-7-codecs|UTF-7 编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#unicode-escape-codecs|Unicode-Escape Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#unicode-escape-codecs|Unicode 转义编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#raw-unicode-escape-codecs|Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#raw-unicode-escape-codecs|原始 Unicode 转义编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#latin-1-codecs|Latin-1 Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#latin-1-codecs|拉丁 1 编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#ascii-codecs|ASCII Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#ascii-codecs|ASCII 编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#character-map-codecs|Character Map Codecs]]
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*** [[../unicode#character-map-codecs|字符映射编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#mbcs-codecs-for-windows|MBCS codecs for Windows]]
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*** [[../unicode#mbcs-codecs-for-windows|适用于 Windows 的 MBCS 编解码器]]
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*** [[../unicode#methods-slots|Methods &amp; Slots]]
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*** [[../unicode#methods-slots|方法和插槽]]
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** [[../unicode#methods-and-slot-functions|Methods and Slot Functions]]
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** [[../unicode#methods-and-slot-functions|方法和槽函数]]
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* [[../tuple|Tuple Objects]]
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* [[../tuple|元组对象]]
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* [[../tuple#struct-sequence-objects|Struct Sequence Objects]]
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* [[../tuple#struct-sequence-objects|结构序列对象]]
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* [[../list|List Objects]]
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* [[../list|列出对象]]
  
  
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<span id="mapobjects"></span>
 
<span id="mapobjects"></span>
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== Container Objects ==
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== 容器对象 ==
  
 
<div id="index-2" class="toctree-wrapper compound">
 
<div id="index-2" class="toctree-wrapper compound">
  
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* [[../dict|Dictionary Objects]]
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* [[../dict|字典对象]]
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* [[../set|Set Objects]]
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* [[../set|设置对象]]
  
  
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<span id="otherobjects"></span>
 
<span id="otherobjects"></span>
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== Function Objects ==
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== 函数对象 ==
  
 
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
 
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
  
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* [[../function|Function Objects]]
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* [[../function|函数对象]]
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* [[../method|Instance Method Objects]]
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* [[../method|实例方法对象]]
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* [[../method#method-objects|Method Objects]]
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* [[../method#method-objects|方法对象]]
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* [[../cell|Cell Objects]]
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* [[../cell|单元格对象]]
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* [[../code|Code Objects]]
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* [[../code|代码对象]]
  
  
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<div id="other-objects" class="section">
 
<div id="other-objects" class="section">
  
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== Other Objects ==
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== 其他对象 ==
  
 
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
 
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
  
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* [[../file|File Objects]]
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* [[../file|文件对象]]
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* [[../module|Module Objects]]
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* [[../module|模块对象]]
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** [[../module#initializing-c-modules|Initializing C modules]]
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** [[../module#initializing-c-modules|初始化 C 模块]]
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*** [[../module#single-phase-initialization|Single-phase initialization]]
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*** [[../module#single-phase-initialization|单相初始化]]
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*** [[../module#multi-phase-initialization|Multi-phase initialization]]
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*** [[../module#multi-phase-initialization|多阶段初始化]]
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*** [[../module#low-level-module-creation-functions|Low-level module creation functions]]
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*** [[../module#low-level-module-creation-functions|低级模块创建函数]]
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*** [[../module#support-functions|Support functions]]
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*** [[../module#support-functions|支持功能]]
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** [[../module#module-lookup|Module lookup]]
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** [[../module#module-lookup|模块查找]]
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* [[../iterator|Iterator Objects]]
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* [[../iterator|迭代器对象]]
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* [[../descriptor|Descriptor Objects]]
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* [[../descriptor|描述符对象]]
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* [[../slice|Slice Objects]]
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* [[../slice|切片对象]]
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* [[../slice#ellipsis-object|Ellipsis Object]]
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* [[../slice#ellipsis-object|省略号对象]]
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* [[../memoryview|MemoryView objects]]
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* [[../memoryview|内存视图对象]]
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* [[../weakref|Weak Reference Objects]]
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* [[../weakref|弱引用对象]]
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* [[../capsule|Capsules]]
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* [[../capsule|胶囊]]
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* [[../gen|Generator Objects]]
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* [[../gen|生成器对象]]
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* [[../coro|Coroutine Objects]]
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* [[../coro|协程对象]]
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* [[../contextvars|Context Variables Objects]]
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* [[../contextvars|上下文变量对象]]
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* [[../datetime|DateTime Objects]]
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* [[../datetime|日期时间对象]]
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* [[../typehints|类型提示的对象]]
  
  
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</div>
 
</div>
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<div class="clearer">
  
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[[Category:Python 3.9 中文文档]]
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</div>
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[[Category:Python 3.9 文档]]

2021年10月31日 (日) 04:50的最新版本

具体对象层

本章中的函数特定于某些 Python 对象类型。 向它们传递错误类型的对象不是一个好主意； 如果您从 Python 程序接收到一个对象，但您不确定它的类型是否正确，则必须先执行类型检查； 例如，要检查对象是否是字典，请使用 PyDict_Check()。 本章的结构类似于 Python 对象类型的“家谱”。

警告

虽然本章中描述的函数会仔细检查传入的对象的类型，但其中许多函数不会检查传递的是 NULL 而不是有效对象。 允许传入 NULL 会导致内存访问冲突并立即终止解释器。


基本对象

本节介绍 Python 类型对象和单例对象 None。


容器对象


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