2021年10月31日 (日) 04:51的最新版本

通用操作系统服务

本章中描述的模块提供了与（几乎）所有操作系统上都可用的操作系统功能的接口，例如文件和时钟。这些接口通常以 Unix 或 C 接口为模型，但它们也可用于大多数其他系统。这是一个概述：

@@ 第1行： / 第1行： @@
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:通用操作系统服务 — Python 文档}}
 <div id="generic-operating-system-services" class="section">
 <span id="allos"></span>
-= Generic Operating System Services =
+= 通用操作系统服务 =
-The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to operating system
+本章中描述的模块提供了与（几乎）所有操作系统上都可用的操作系统功能的接口，例如文件和时钟。 这些接口通常以 Unix 或 C 接口为模型，但它们也可用于大多数其他系统。 这是一个概述：
-features that are available on (almost) all operating systems, such as files and
-a clock. The interfaces are generally modeled after the Unix or C interfaces,
-but they are available on most other systems as well. Here's an overview:
 <div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
-* [[../os|<code>os</code> --- Miscellaneous operating system interfaces]]
+* [[../os|<code>os</code> — 其他操作系统接口]]
-** [[../os#file-names-command-line-arguments-and-environment-variables|File Names, Command Line Arguments, and Environment Variables]]
+** [[../os#file-names-command-line-arguments-and-environment-variables|文件名、命令行参数和环境变量]]
-** [[../os#process-parameters|Process Parameters]]
+** [[../os#process-parameters|工艺参数]]
-** [[../os#file-object-creation|File Object Creation]]
+** [[../os#file-object-creation|文件对象创建]]
-** [[../os#file-descriptor-operations|File Descriptor Operations]]
+** [[../os#file-descriptor-operations|文件描述符操作]]
-*** [[../os#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal|Querying the size of a terminal]]
+*** [[../os#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal|查询终端大小]]
-*** [[../os#inheritance-of-file-descriptors|Inheritance of File Descriptors]]
+*** [[../os#inheritance-of-file-descriptors|文件描述符的继承]]
-** [[../os#files-and-directories|Files and Directories]]
+** [[../os#files-and-directories|文件和目录]]
-*** [[../os#linux-extended-attributes|Linux extended attributes]]
+*** [[../os#linux-extended-attributes|Linux 扩展属性]]
-** [[../os#process-management|Process Management]]
+** [[../os#process-management|流程管理]]
-** [[../os#interface-to-the-scheduler|Interface to the scheduler]]
+** [[../os#interface-to-the-scheduler|调度器接口]]
-** [[../os#miscellaneous-system-information|Miscellaneous System Information]]
+** [[../os#miscellaneous-system-information|其他系统信息]]
-** [[../os#random-numbers|Random numbers]]
+** [[../os#random-numbers|随机数]]
-* [[../io|<code>io</code> --- Core tools for working with streams]]
+* [[../io|<code>io</code> — 处理流的核心工具]]
-** [[../io#overview|Overview]]
+** [[../io#overview|概述]]
-*** [[../io#text-i-o|Text I/O]]
+*** [[../io#text-i-o|文本输入/输出]]
-*** [[../io#binary-i-o|Binary I/O]]
+*** [[../io#binary-i-o|二进制输入/输出]]
-*** [[../io#raw-i-o|Raw I/O]]
+*** [[../io#raw-i-o|原始输入/输出]]
-** [[../io#high-level-module-interface|High-level Module Interface]]
+** [[../io#high-level-module-interface|高级模块接口]]
-*** [[../io#in-memory-streams|In-memory streams]]
+** [[../io#class-hierarchy|类层次结构]]
-** [[../io#class-hierarchy|Class hierarchy]]
+*** [[../io#i-o-base-classes|I/O 基类]]
-*** [[../io#i-o-base-classes|I/O Base Classes]]
+*** [[../io#raw-file-i-o|原始文件 I/O]]
-*** [[../io#raw-file-i-o|Raw File I/O]]
+*** [[../io#buffered-streams|缓冲流]]
-*** [[../io#buffered-streams|Buffered Streams]]
+*** [[../io#id3|文本输入/输出]]
-*** [[../io#id1|Text I/O]]
+** [[../io#performance|表现]]
-** [[../io#performance|Performance]]
+*** [[../io#id4|二进制输入/输出]]
-*** [[../io#id2|Binary I/O]]
+*** [[../io#id5|文本输入/输出]]
-*** [[../io#id3|Text I/O]]
+*** [[../io#multi-threading|多线程]]
-*** [[../io#multi-threading|Multi-threading]]
+*** [[../io#reentrancy|重入性]]
-*** [[../io#reentrancy|Reentrancy]]
+* [[../time|<code>time</code> — 时间访问和转换]]
-* [[../time|<code>time</code> --- Time access and conversions]]
+** [[../time#functions|职能]]
-** [[../time#functions|Functions]]
+** [[../time#clock-id-constants|时钟 ID 常量]]
-** [[../time#clock-id-constants|Clock ID Constants]]
+** [[../time#timezone-constants|时区常量]]
-** [[../time#timezone-constants|Timezone Constants]]
+* [[../argparse|<code>argparse</code> — 命令行选项、参数和子命令的解析器]]
-* [[../argparse|<code>argparse</code> --- Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands]]
+** [[../argparse#example|例子]]
-** [[../argparse#example|Example]]
+*** [[../argparse#creating-a-parser|创建解析器]]
-*** [[../argparse#creating-a-parser|Creating a parser]]
+*** [[../argparse#adding-arguments|添加参数]]
-*** [[../argparse#adding-arguments|Adding arguments]]
+*** [[../argparse#parsing-arguments|解析参数]]
-*** [[../argparse#parsing-arguments|Parsing arguments]]
+** [[../argparse#argumentparser-objects|ArgumentParser 对象]]
-** [[../argparse#argumentparser-objects|ArgumentParser objects]]
+*** [[../argparse#prog|编]]
-*** [[../argparse#prog|prog]]
+*** [[../argparse#usage|用法]]
-*** [[../argparse#usage|usage]]
+*** [[../argparse#description|描述]]
-*** [[../argparse#description|description]]
+*** [[../argparse#epilog|结语]]
-*** [[../argparse#epilog|epilog]]
+*** [[../argparse#parents|父母]]
-*** [[../argparse#parents|parents]]
+*** [[../argparse#formatter-class|格式化程序类]]
-*** [[../argparse#formatter-class|formatter_class]]
+*** [[../argparse#prefix-chars|前缀字符]]
-*** [[../argparse#prefix-chars|prefix_chars]]
 *** [[../argparse#fromfile-prefix-chars|fromfile_prefix_chars]]
-*** [[../argparse#argument-default|argument_default]]
+*** [[../argparse#argument-default|参数_默认值]]
 *** [[../argparse#allow-abbrev|allow_abbrev]]
-*** [[../argparse#conflict-handler|conflict_handler]]
+*** [[../argparse#conflict-handler|冲突处理程序]]
-*** [[../argparse#add-help|add_help]]
+*** [[../argparse#add-help|添加帮助]]
 *** [[../argparse#exit-on-error|exit_on_error]]
-** [[../argparse#the-add-argument-method|The add_argument() method]]
+** [[../argparse#the-add-argument-method|add_argument() 方法]]
-*** [[../argparse#name-or-flags|name or flags]]
+*** [[../argparse#name-or-flags|名称或标志]]
-*** [[../argparse#action|action]]
+*** [[../argparse#action|行动]]
 *** [[../argparse#nargs|nargs]]
-*** [[../argparse#const|const]]
+*** [[../argparse#const|常量]]
-*** [[../argparse#default|default]]
+*** [[../argparse#default|默认]]
-*** [[../argparse#type|type]]
+*** [[../argparse#type|类型]]
-*** [[../argparse#choices|choices]]
+*** [[../argparse#choices|选择]]
-*** [[../argparse#required|required]]
+*** [[../argparse#required|必需的]]
-*** [[../argparse#help|help]]
+*** [[../argparse#help|帮助]]
-*** [[../argparse#metavar|metavar]]
+*** [[../argparse#metavar|元变量]]
-*** [[../argparse#dest|dest]]
+*** [[../argparse#dest|目的地]]
-*** [[../argparse#action-classes|Action classes]]
+*** [[../argparse#action-classes|动作类]]
-** [[../argparse#the-parse-args-method|The parse_args() method]]
+** [[../argparse#the-parse-args-method|parse_args() 方法]]
-*** [[../argparse#option-value-syntax|Option value syntax]]
+*** [[../argparse#option-value-syntax|选项值语法]]
-*** [[../argparse#invalid-arguments|Invalid arguments]]
+*** [[../argparse#invalid-arguments|无效参数]]
-*** [[../argparse#arguments-containing|Arguments containing <code>-</code>]]
+*** [[../argparse#arguments-containing|包含 <code>-</code> 的参数]]
-*** [[../argparse#argument-abbreviations-prefix-matching|Argument abbreviations (prefix matching)]]
+*** [[../argparse#argument-abbreviations-prefix-matching|参数缩写（前缀匹配）]]
-*** [[../argparse#beyond-sys-argv|Beyond <code>sys.argv</code>]]
+*** [[../argparse#beyond-sys-argv|超越<code>sys.argv</code>]]
-*** [[../argparse#the-namespace-object|The Namespace object]]
+*** [[../argparse#the-namespace-object|命名空间对象]]
-** [[../argparse#other-utilities|Other utilities]]
+** [[../argparse#other-utilities|其他公用事业]]
-*** [[../argparse#sub-commands|Sub-commands]]
+*** [[../argparse#sub-commands|子命令]]
-*** [[../argparse#filetype-objects|FileType objects]]
+*** [[../argparse#filetype-objects|文件类型对象]]
-*** [[../argparse#argument-groups|Argument groups]]
+*** [[../argparse#argument-groups|参数组]]
-*** [[../argparse#mutual-exclusion|Mutual exclusion]]
+*** [[../argparse#mutual-exclusion|相互排斥]]
-*** [[../argparse#parser-defaults|Parser defaults]]
+*** [[../argparse#parser-defaults|解析器默认值]]
-*** [[../argparse#printing-help|Printing help]]
+*** [[../argparse#printing-help|打印帮助]]
-*** [[../argparse#partial-parsing|Partial parsing]]
+*** [[../argparse#partial-parsing|部分解析]]
-*** [[../argparse#customizing-file-parsing|Customizing file parsing]]
+*** [[../argparse#customizing-file-parsing|自定义文件解析]]
-*** [[../argparse#exiting-methods|Exiting methods]]
+*** [[../argparse#exiting-methods|退出方法]]
-*** [[../argparse#intermixed-parsing|Intermixed parsing]]
+*** [[../argparse#intermixed-parsing|混合解析]]
-** [[../argparse#upgrading-optparse-code|Upgrading optparse code]]
+** [[../argparse#upgrading-optparse-code|升级 optparse 代码]]
-* [[../getopt|<code>getopt</code> --- C-style parser for command line options]]
+* [[../getopt|<code>getopt</code> — 命令行选项的 C 风格解析器]]
-* [[../logging|<code>logging</code> --- Logging facility for Python]]
+* [[../logging|<code>logging</code> — Python 的日志记录工具]]
-** [[../logging#logger-objects|Logger Objects]]
+** [[../logging#logger-objects|记录器对象]]
-** [[../logging#logging-levels|Logging Levels]]
+** [[../logging#logging-levels|日志级别]]
-** [[../logging#handler-objects|Handler Objects]]
+** [[../logging#handler-objects|处理程序对象]]
-** [[../logging#formatter-objects|Formatter Objects]]
+** [[../logging#formatter-objects|格式化程序对象]]
-** [[../logging#filter-objects|Filter Objects]]
+** [[../logging#filter-objects|过滤对象]]
-** [[../logging#logrecord-objects|LogRecord Objects]]
+** [[../logging#logrecord-objects|日志记录对象]]
-** [[../logging#logrecord-attributes|LogRecord attributes]]
+** [[../logging#logrecord-attributes|日志记录属性]]
-** [[../logging#loggeradapter-objects|LoggerAdapter Objects]]
+** [[../logging#loggeradapter-objects|记录器适配器对象]]
-** [[../logging#thread-safety|Thread Safety]]
+** [[../logging#thread-safety|线程安全]]
-** [[../logging#module-level-functions|Module-Level Functions]]
+** [[../logging#module-level-functions|模块级函数]]
-** [[../logging#module-level-attributes|Module-Level Attributes]]
+** [[../logging#module-level-attributes|模块级属性]]
-** [[../logging#integration-with-the-warnings-module|Integration with the warnings module]]
+** [[../logging#integration-with-the-warnings-module|与警告模块集成]]
-* [[../logging.config|<code>logging.config</code> --- Logging configuration]]
+* [[../logging.config|<code>logging.config</code> — 日志配置]]
-** [[../logging|Configuration functions]]
+** [[../logging|配置功能]]
-** [[../logging|Configuration dictionary schema]]
+** [[../logging|配置字典架构]]
-*** [[../logging|Dictionary Schema Details]]
+*** [[../logging|字典架构详细信息]]
-*** [[../logging|Incremental Configuration]]
+*** [[../logging|增量配置]]
-*** [[../logging|Object connections]]
+*** [[../logging|对象连接]]
-*** [[../logging|User-defined objects]]
+*** [[../logging|用户定义对象]]
-*** [[../logging|Access to external objects]]
+*** [[../logging|访问外部对象]]
-*** [[../logging|Access to internal objects]]
+*** [[../logging|访问内部对象]]
-*** [[../logging|Import resolution and custom importers]]
+*** [[../logging|导入分辨率和自定义导入器]]
-** [[../logging|Configuration file format]]
+** [[../logging|配置文件格式]]
-* [[../logging.handlers|<code>logging.handlers</code> --- Logging handlers]]
+* [[../logging.handlers|<code>logging.handlers</code> — 日志处理程序]]
-** [[../logging|StreamHandler]]
+** [[../logging|流处理器]]
-** [[../logging|FileHandler]]
+** [[../logging|文件处理器]]
-** [[../logging|NullHandler]]
+** [[../logging|空处理器]]
-** [[../logging|WatchedFileHandler]]
+** [[../logging|监视文件处理程序]]
 ** [[../logging|BaseRotatingHandler]]
-** [[../logging|RotatingFileHandler]]
+** [[../logging|旋转文件处理器]]
-** [[../logging|TimedRotatingFileHandler]]
+** [[../logging|定时旋转文件处理器]]
-** [[../logging|SocketHandler]]
+** [[../logging|套接字处理程序]]
-** [[../logging|DatagramHandler]]
+** [[../logging|数据报处理器]]
-** [[../logging|SysLogHandler]]
+** [[../logging|系统日志处理程序]]
 ** [[../logging|NTEventLogHandler]]
-** [[../logging|SMTPHandler]]
+** [[../logging|SMTP处理程序]]
-** [[../logging|MemoryHandler]]
+** [[../logging|内存处理器]]
-** [[../logging|HTTPHandler]]
+** [[../logging|HTTP处理程序]]
-** [[../logging|QueueHandler]]
+** [[../logging|队列处理器]]
-** [[../logging|QueueListener]]
+** [[../logging|队列监听器]]
-* [[../getpass|<code>getpass</code> --- Portable password input]]
+* [[../getpass|<code>getpass</code> — 便携式密码输入]]
-* [[../curses|<code>curses</code> --- Terminal handling for character-cell displays]]
+* [[../curses|<code>curses</code> — 字符单元显示的终端处理]]
-** [[../curses#functions|Functions]]
+** [[../curses#functions|职能]]
-** [[../curses#window-objects|Window Objects]]
+** [[../curses#window-objects|窗口对象]]
-** [[../curses#constants|Constants]]
+** [[../curses#constants|常数]]
-* [[../curses#module-curses|<code>curses.textpad</code> --- Text input widget for curses programs]]
+* [[../curses#module-curses|<code>curses.textpad</code> — 诅咒程序的文本输入小部件]]
-** [[../curses#textbox-objects|Textbox objects]]
+** [[../curses#textbox-objects|文本框对象]]
-* [[../curses.ascii|<code>curses.ascii</code> --- Utilities for ASCII characters]]
+* [[../curses.ascii|<code>curses.ascii</code> — ASCII 字符的实用程序]]
-* [[../curses.panel|<code>curses.panel</code> --- A panel stack extension for curses]]
+* [[../curses.panel|<code>curses.panel</code> — 诅咒的面板集扩展]]
-** [[../curses|Functions]]
+** [[../curses|职能]]
-** [[../curses|Panel Objects]]
+** [[../curses|面板对象]]
-* [[../platform|<code>platform</code> --- Access to underlying platform's identifying data]]
+* [[../platform|<code>platform</code> — 访问底层平台的识别数据]]
-** [[../platform#cross-platform|Cross Platform]]
+** [[../platform#cross-platform|跨平台]]
-** [[../platform#java-platform|Java Platform]]
+** [[../platform#java-platform|Java平台]]
-** [[../platform#windows-platform|Windows Platform]]
+** [[../platform#windows-platform|视窗平台]]
-** [[../platform#mac-os-platform|Mac OS Platform]]
+** [[../platform#macos-platform|macOS 平台]]
-** [[../platform#unix-platforms|Unix Platforms]]
+** [[../platform#unix-platforms|Unix平台]]
-* [[../errno|<code>errno</code> --- Standard errno system symbols]]
+* [[../errno|<code>errno</code> — 标准 errno 系统符号]]
-* [[../ctypes|<code>ctypes</code> --- A foreign function library for Python]]
+* [[../ctypes|<code>ctypes</code> — Python 的外部函数库]]
-** [[../ctypes#ctypes-tutorial|ctypes tutorial]]
+** [[../ctypes#ctypes-tutorial|ctypes教程]]
-*** [[../ctypes#loading-dynamic-link-libraries|Loading dynamic link libraries]]
+*** [[../ctypes#loading-dynamic-link-libraries|加载动态链接库]]
-*** [[../ctypes#accessing-functions-from-loaded-dlls|Accessing functions from loaded dlls]]
+*** [[../ctypes#accessing-functions-from-loaded-dlls|从加载的 dll 访问函数]]
-*** [[../ctypes#calling-functions|Calling functions]]
+*** [[../ctypes#calling-functions|调用函数]]
-*** [[../ctypes#fundamental-data-types|Fundamental data types]]
+*** [[../ctypes#fundamental-data-types|基本数据类型]]
-*** [[../ctypes#calling-functions-continued|Calling functions, continued]]
+*** [[../ctypes#calling-functions-continued|调用函数，续]]
-*** [[../ctypes#calling-functions-with-your-own-custom-data-types|Calling functions with your own custom data types]]
+*** [[../ctypes#calling-functions-with-your-own-custom-data-types|使用您自己的自定义数据类型调用函数]]
-*** [[../ctypes#specifying-the-required-argument-types-function-prototypes|Specifying the required argument types (function prototypes)]]
+*** [[../ctypes#specifying-the-required-argument-types-function-prototypes|指定所需的参数类型（函数原型）]]
-*** [[../ctypes#return-types|Return types]]
+*** [[../ctypes#return-types|返回类型]]
-*** [[ctypes.html#passing-pointers-or-passing-parameters-by-reference|Passing pointers (or: passing parameters by reference)]]
+*** [[../ctypes#passing-pointers-or-passing-parameters-by-reference|传递指针（或：通过引用传递参数）]]
-*** [[../ctypes#structures-and-unions|Structures and unions]]
+*** [[../ctypes#structures-and-unions|结构和工会]]
-*** [[../ctypes#structure-union-alignment-and-byte-order|Structure/union alignment and byte order]]
+*** [[../ctypes#structure-union-alignment-and-byte-order|结构/联合对齐和字节顺序]]
-*** [[../ctypes#bit-fields-in-structures-and-unions|Bit fields in structures and unions]]
+*** [[../ctypes#bit-fields-in-structures-and-unions|结构体和联合体中的位域]]
-*** [[../ctypes#arrays|Arrays]]
+*** [[../ctypes#arrays|数组]]
-*** [[../ctypes#pointers|Pointers]]
+*** [[../ctypes#pointers|指针]]
-*** [[../ctypes#type-conversions|Type conversions]]
+*** [[../ctypes#type-conversions|类型转换]]
-*** [[../ctypes#incomplete-types|Incomplete Types]]
+*** [[../ctypes#incomplete-types|不完全类型]]
-*** [[../ctypes#callback-functions|Callback functions]]
+*** [[../ctypes#callback-functions|回调函数]]
-*** [[../ctypes#accessing-values-exported-from-dlls|Accessing values exported from dlls]]
+*** [[../ctypes#accessing-values-exported-from-dlls|访问从 dll 导出的值]]
-*** [[../ctypes#surprises|Surprises]]
+*** [[../ctypes#surprises|惊喜]]
-*** [[../ctypes#variable-sized-data-types|Variable-sized data types]]
+*** [[../ctypes#variable-sized-data-types|可变大小的数据类型]]
-** [[../ctypes#ctypes-reference|ctypes reference]]
+** [[../ctypes#ctypes-reference|ctypes 参考]]
-*** [[../ctypes#finding-shared-libraries|Finding shared libraries]]
+*** [[../ctypes#finding-shared-libraries|查找共享库]]
-*** [[../ctypes#loading-shared-libraries|Loading shared libraries]]
+*** [[../ctypes#loading-shared-libraries|加载共享库]]
-*** [[../ctypes#foreign-functions|Foreign functions]]
+*** [[../ctypes#foreign-functions|外部函数]]
-*** [[../ctypes#function-prototypes|Function prototypes]]
+*** [[../ctypes#function-prototypes|函数原型]]
-*** [[../ctypes#utility-functions|Utility functions]]
+*** [[../ctypes#utility-functions|实用功能]]
-*** [[../ctypes#data-types|Data types]]
+*** [[../ctypes#data-types|数据类型]]
-*** [[../ctypes#ctypes-fundamental-data-types-2|Fundamental data types]]
+*** [[../ctypes#ctypes-fundamental-data-types-2|基本数据类型]]
-*** [[../ctypes#structured-data-types|Structured data types]]
+*** [[../ctypes#structured-data-types|结构化数据类型]]
-*** [[../ctypes#arrays-and-pointers|Arrays and pointers]]
+*** [[../ctypes#arrays-and-pointers|数组和指针]]
@@ 第193行： / 第190行： @@
 </div>
+<div class="clearer">
-[[Category:Python 3.9 中文文档]]
+</div>
+[[Category:Python 3.9 文档]]

“Python/docs/3.9/library/allos”的版本间差异

2021年10月31日 (日) 04:51的最新版本

通用操作系统服务