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| | + | {{DISPLAYTITLE:图形用户界面常见问题解答 — Python 文档}} |
| | <div id="graphic-user-interface-faq" class="section"> | | <div id="graphic-user-interface-faq" class="section"> |
| | | | |
| − | = [[#id3|Graphic User Interface FAQ]] = | + | = 图形用户界面常见问题解答 = |
| | | | |
| − | <div id="id1" class="contents topic"> | + | <div id="contents" class="contents topic"> |
| | | | |
| − | 目录
| + | 内容 |
| | | | |
| − | * [[#graphic-user-interface-faq|Graphic User Interface FAQ]] | + | * [[#graphic-user-interface-faq|图形用户界面常见问题解答]] |
| − | ** [[#general-gui-questions|General GUI Questions]] | + | ** [[#general-gui-questions|一般 GUI 问题]] |
| − | ** [[#what-platform-independent-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python|What platform-independent GUI toolkits exist for Python?]] | + | ** [[#what-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python|Python 有哪些 GUI 工具包？]] |
| − | *** [[#tkinter|Tkinter]]
| + | ** [[#tkinter-questions|Tkinter 问题]] |
| − | *** [[#wxwidgets|wxWidgets]]
| + | *** [[#how-do-i-freeze-tkinter-applications|如何冻结 Tkinter 应用程序？]] |
| − | *** [[#qt|Qt]]
| + | *** [[#can-i-have-tk-events-handled-while-waiting-for-i-o|我可以在等待 I/O 时处理 Tk 事件吗？]] |
| − | *** [[#gtk|Gtk+]]
| + | *** [[#i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why|我无法在 Tkinter 中使用键绑定：为什么？]] |
| − | *** [[#kivy|Kivy]]
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| − | *** [[#fltk|FLTK]]
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| − | *** [[#opengl|OpenGL]]
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| − | ** [[#what-platform-specific-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python|What platform-specific GUI toolkits exist for Python?]]
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| − | ** [[#tkinter-questions|Tkinter questions]] | |
| − | *** [[#how-do-i-freeze-tkinter-applications|How do I freeze Tkinter applications?]] | |
| − | *** [[#can-i-have-tk-events-handled-while-waiting-for-i-o|Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?]] | |
| − | *** [[#i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why|I can't get key bindings to work in Tkinter: why?]] | |
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| | <div id="general-gui-questions" class="section"> | | <div id="general-gui-questions" class="section"> |
| | | | |
| − | == [[#id4|General GUI Questions]] == | + | == 一般 GUI 问题 == |
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| | | | |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| − | <div id="what-platform-independent-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python" class="section"> | + | <div id="what-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python" class="section"> |
| | | | |
| − | == [[#id5|What platform-independent GUI toolkits exist for Python?]] == | + | == Python 有哪些 GUI 工具包？ == |
| | | | |
| − | Depending on what platform(s) you are aiming at, there are several. Some
| + | Python 的标准构建包括 Tcl/Tk 小部件集的面向对象接口，称为 [[../../library/tk#tkinter|tkinter]]。 这可能是最容易安装和使用的（因为它包含在 Python 的大多数 [https://www.python.org/downloads/ 二进制发行版] 中）。 有关 Tk 的更多信息，包括指向源的指针，请参阅 [https://www.tcl.tk Tcl/Tk 主页] 。 Tcl/Tk 完全可移植到 macOS、Windows 和 Unix 平台。 |
| − | of them haven't been ported to Python 3 yet. At least [[#tkinter|Tkinter]] and [[#qt|Qt]]
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| − | are known to be Python 3-compatible.
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| | | | |
| − | <div id="tkinter" class="section">
| + | 根据您的目标平台，还有多种选择。 可以在 python wiki 上找到跨平台 [https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming#Cross-Platform_Frameworks 和] [https://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming#Platform-specific_Frameworks 特定于平台的] GUI 框架的 列表。 |
| − | | |
| − | === [[#id6|Tkinter]] ===
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| − | | |
| − | Standard builds of Python include an object-oriented interface to the Tcl/Tk
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| − | widget set, called [[../../library/tk#tkinter|<span class="std std-ref">tkinter</span>]]. This is probably the easiest to
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| − | install (since it comes included with most
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| − | [https://www.python.org/downloads/ binary distributions] of Python) and use. | |
| − | For more info about Tk, including pointers to the source, see the
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| − | [https://www.tcl.tk Tcl/Tk home page]. Tcl/Tk is fully portable to the
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| − | Mac OS X, Windows, and Unix platforms.
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| | | | |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| − | <div id="wxwidgets" class="section"> | + | <div id="tkinter-questions" class="section"> |
| | | | |
| − | === [[#id7|wxWidgets]] === | + | == Tkinter 问题 == |
| | | | |
| − | wxWidgets (https://www.wxwidgets.org) is a free, portable GUI class
| + | <div id="how-do-i-freeze-tkinter-applications" class="section"> |
| − | library written in C++ that provides a native look and feel on a
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| − | number of platforms, with Windows, Mac OS X, GTK, X11, all listed as
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| − | current stable targets. Language bindings are available for a number
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| − | of languages including Python, Perl, Ruby, etc.
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| | | | |
| − | [https://www.wxpython.org wxPython] is the Python binding for
| + | === 如何冻结 Tkinter 应用程序？ === |
| − | wxwidgets. While it often lags slightly behind the official wxWidgets
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| − | releases, it also offers a number of features via pure Python
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| − | extensions that are not available in other language bindings. There
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| − | is an active wxPython user and developer community.
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| | | | |
| − | Both wxWidgets and wxPython are free, open source, software with
| + | Freeze 是一种创建独立应用程序的工具。 冻结 Tkinter 应用程序时，应用程序不会真正独立，因为应用程序仍需要 Tcl 和 Tk 库。 |
| − | permissive licences that allow their use in commercial products as
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| − | well as in freeware or shareware.
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| | + | 一种解决方案是将应用程序与 Tcl 和 Tk 库一起交付，并在运行时使用 <span id="index-0" class="target"></span><code>TCL_LIBRARY</code> 和 <span id="index-1" class="target"></span><code>TK_LIBRARY</code> 环境指向它们变量。 |
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| − | </div>
| + | 为了获得真正独立的应用程序，构成库的 Tcl 脚本也必须集成到应用程序中。 支持它的一种工具是 SAM（独立模块），它是 Tix 发行版 (http://tix.sourceforge.net/) 的一部分。 |
| − | <div id="qt" class="section">
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| | | | |
| − | === [[#id8|Qt]] ===
| + | 在启用 SAM 的情况下构建 Tix，对 <code>Tclsam_init()</code> 执行适当的调用等。 在 Python 的 <code>Modules/tkappinit.c</code> 中，并与 libtclsam 和 libtksam 链接（您可能还包括 Tix 库）。 |
| − | | |
| − | There are bindings available for the Qt toolkit (using either [https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro PyQt] or [https://wiki.qt.io/PySide PySide]) and for KDE ([https://techbase.kde.org/Languages/Python/Using_PyKDE_4 PyKDE4]).
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| − | PyQt is currently more mature than PySide, but you must buy a PyQt license from
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| − | [https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/commercial/license-faq Riverbank Computing]
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| − | if you want to write proprietary applications. PySide is free for all applications.
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| − | | |
| − | Qt 4.5 upwards is licensed under the LGPL license; also, commercial licenses
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| − | are available from [https://www.qt.io/licensing/ The Qt Company].
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| − | <div id="gtk" class="section"> | + | <div id="can-i-have-tk-events-handled-while-waiting-for-i-o" class="section"> |
| | | | |
| − | === [[#id9|Gtk+]] === | + | === 我可以在等待 I/O 时处理 Tk 事件吗？ === |
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| − | The [https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/PyGObject GObject introspection bindings]
| + | 在 Windows 以外的平台上，是的，您甚至不需要线程！ 但是您必须稍微重组您的 I/O 代码。 Tk 与 Xt 的 <code>XtAddInput()</code> 调用等效，它允许您注册一个回调函数，当文件描述符上的 I/O 可能时，它将从 Tk 主循环调用。 请参阅 [[../../library/tkinter#tkinter-file-handlers|文件处理程序]] 。 |
| − | for Python allow you to write GTK+ 3 applications. There is also a
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| − | [https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.io Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial].
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| − | | |
| − | The older PyGtk bindings for the [https://www.gtk.org Gtk+ 2 toolkit] have
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| − | been implemented by James Henstridge; see <http://www.pygtk.org>.
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| − | <div id="kivy" class="section"> | + | <div id="i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why" class="section"> |
| | | | |
| − | === [[#id10|Kivy]] === | + | === 我无法在 Tkinter 中使用键绑定：为什么？ === |
| | | | |
| − | [https://kivy.org/ Kivy] is a cross-platform GUI library supporting both
| + | 一个经常听到的抱怨是，即使按下了适当的键，绑定到 <code>bind()</code> 方法的事件的事件处理程序也不会得到处理。 |
| − | desktop operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux) and mobile devices (Android,
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| − | iOS). It is written in Python and Cython, and can use a range of windowing
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| − | backends.
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| − | Kivy is free and open source software distributed under the MIT license.
| + | 最常见的原因是绑定应用的小部件没有“键盘焦点”。 查看焦点命令的 Tk 文档。 通常小部件通过点击获得键盘焦点（但不是标签；请参阅 takefocus 选项）。 |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| − | <div id="fltk" class="section">
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| − |
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| − | === [[#id11|FLTK]] ===
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| − |
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| − | Python bindings for [http://www.fltk.org the FLTK toolkit], a simple yet
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| − | powerful and mature cross-platform windowing system, are available from [http://pyfltk.sourceforge.net the
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| − | PyFLTK project].
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| − |
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| | </div> | | </div> |
| − | <div id="opengl" class="section">
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| − |
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| − | === [[#id12|OpenGL]] ===
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| − |
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| − | For OpenGL bindings, see [http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net PyOpenGL].
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | </div>
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| − |
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div id="what-platform-specific-gui-toolkits-exist-for-python" class="section">
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| − |
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| − | == [[#id13|What platform-specific GUI toolkits exist for Python?]] ==
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| − |
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| − | By installing the [https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/ PyObjc Objective-C bridge], Python programs can use Mac OS X's
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| − | Cocoa libraries.
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| − |
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| − | [[../windows#windows-faq|<span class="std std-ref">Pythonwin</span>]] by Mark Hammond includes an interface to the
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| − | Microsoft Foundation Classes and a Python programming environment
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| − | that's written mostly in Python using the MFC classes.
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| − |
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| | | | |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| − | <div id="tkinter-questions" class="section"> | + | <div class="clearer"> |
| | | | |
| − | == [[#id14|Tkinter questions]] ==
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| | | | |
| − | <div id="how-do-i-freeze-tkinter-applications" class="section">
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| − |
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| − | === [[#id15|How do I freeze Tkinter applications?]] ===
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| − |
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| − | Freeze is a tool to create stand-alone applications. When freezing Tkinter
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| − | applications, the applications will not be truly stand-alone, as the application
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| − | will still need the Tcl and Tk libraries.
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| − |
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| − | One solution is to ship the application with the Tcl and Tk libraries, and point
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| − | to them at run-time using the <span id="index-0" class="target"></span><code>TCL_LIBRARY</code> and <span id="index-1" class="target"></span><code>TK_LIBRARY</code>
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| − | environment variables.
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| − |
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| − | To get truly stand-alone applications, the Tcl scripts that form the library
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| − | have to be integrated into the application as well. One tool supporting that is
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| − | SAM (stand-alone modules), which is part of the Tix distribution
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| − | (http://tix.sourceforge.net/).
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| − |
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| − | Build Tix with SAM enabled, perform the appropriate call to
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| − | <code>Tclsam_init()</code>, etc. inside Python's
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| − | <code>Modules/tkappinit.c</code>, and link with libtclsam and libtksam (you
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| − | might include the Tix libraries as well).
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div id="can-i-have-tk-events-handled-while-waiting-for-i-o" class="section">
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| − |
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| − | === [[#id16|Can I have Tk events handled while waiting for I/O?]] ===
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| − |
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| − | On platforms other than Windows, yes, and you don't even
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| − | need threads! But you'll have to restructure your I/O
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| − | code a bit. Tk has the equivalent of Xt's <code>XtAddInput()</code> call, which allows you
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| − | to register a callback function which will be called from the Tk mainloop when
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| − | I/O is possible on a file descriptor. See [[../../library/tkinter#tkinter-file-handlers|<span class="std std-ref">File Handlers</span>]].
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div id="i-can-t-get-key-bindings-to-work-in-tkinter-why" class="section">
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| − |
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| − | === [[#id17|I can't get key bindings to work in Tkinter: why?]] ===
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| − |
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| − | An often-heard complaint is that event handlers bound to events with the
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| − | <code>bind()</code> method don't get handled even when the appropriate key is pressed.
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| − |
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| − | The most common cause is that the widget to which the binding applies doesn't
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| − | have "keyboard focus". Check out the Tk documentation for the focus command.
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| − | Usually a widget is given the keyboard focus by clicking in it (but not for
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| − | labels; see the takefocus option).
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| − |
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| − |
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| − | </div>
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| − |
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| − | </div>
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| | </div> | | </div> |
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| − | [[Category:Python 3.9 中文文档]] | + | [[Category:Python 3.9 文档]] |
