Php/docs/function.strftime
strftime
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
strftime — 根据区域设置格式化本地时间/日期
说明
strftime
( string $format
[, int $timestamp
= time()
] ) : string
返回用给定的格式字串对给出的 timestamp
进行格式输出后的字符串。如果没有给出时间戳则用当前的本地时间。月份和星期几以及其它和语言有关的字符串写法和用
setlocale() 设定的当前的区域有关。
可能不是所有的转换标记都被 C 库文件支持,这种情况下 PHP
的 strftime()
也不支持。此外,不是所有的平台都支持负的时间戳,因此日期的范围可能限定在不早于
Unix 纪元。这意味着例如
%e, %T,%R 和 %D(可能更多)以及早于
Jan 1, 1970
的时间在 Windows,一些 Linux
发行版本,以及其它几个操作系统中无效。对于 Windows
系统,所支持的转换标记可在
» MSDN 网站找到。
参数
format
- {|
|+
format
里能够识别的格式字串有以下标记: !align="center"|格式
! 描述 ! 返回值示例 |- |align="center"| 日 | --- | --- |- |align="center"|%a
| 当前区域星期几的简写 |Sun
到Sat
|- |align="center"|%A
| 当前区域星期几的全称 |Sunday
到Saturday
|- |align="center"|%d
| 月份中的第几天,十进制数字(范围从 01 到 31) |01
到31
|- |align="center"|%e
| 月份中的第几天,十进制数字,一位的数字前会加上一个空格(范围从 ' 1' 到 '31') 在 Windows 上尚未按描述实现。更多信息见下方。 |1
到31
|- |align="center"|%j
| 年份中的第几天,带前导零的三位十进制数(范围从 001 到 366) |001
到366
|- |align="center"|%u
| 符合 ISO-8601 星期几的十进制数表达 [1,7],1 表示星期一 |1
(星期一) 到7
(星期日) |- |align="center"|%w
| 星期中的第几天,星期天为 0 |0
(星期天) 到6
(星期六) |- |align="center"| 周 | --- | --- |- |align="center"|%U
| 本年的第几周,从第一周的第一个星期天作为第一天开始 |13
(for the 13th full week of the year) |- |align="center"|%V
| %V - 本年第几周的 ISO-8601:1988 格式,范围从 01 到 53,第 1 周是本年第一个至少还有 4 天的星期,星期一作为每周的第一天。(用 %G 或者 %g 作为指定时间戳相应周数的年份组成。) |01
到53
(where 53 accounts for an overlapping week) |- |align="center"|%W
| 本年的第几周数,从第一周的第一个星期一作为第一天开始 |46
(for the 46th week of the year beginning with a Monday) |- |align="center"| 月 | --- | --- |- |align="center"|%b
| 当前区域月份的简写 |Jan
到Dec
|- |align="center"|%B
| 当前区域月份的全称 |January
到December
|- |align="center"|%h
| 当前区域月份的简写(%b 的别名) |Jan
到Dec
|- |align="center"|%m
| 两位数的月份 |01
(是一月份) 到12
(是十二月份) |- |align="center"| 年 | --- | --- |- |align="center"|%C
| 两位数显示世纪(年份除以 100,截成整数) |19
是 20 世纪 |- |align="center"|%g
| 2 位数的年份,符合 ISO-8601:1988 星期数(参见 %V)。和 %V 的格式和值一样,只除了如果 ISO 星期数属于前一年或者后一年,则使用那一年。 | 比如:2009年1月6日那一周是09
。 |- |align="center"|%G
| %g 的完整四位数版本 | 比如:2009年1月3日那一周是2008
. |- |align="center"|%y
| 两位数显示年份 | 比如:09
是 2009,79
是 1979 |- |align="center"|%Y
| 四位数显示年份 | 比如:2038
|- |align="center"| 时间 | --- | --- |- |align="center"|%H
| 以 24 小时格式显示两位小时数 |00
到23
|- |align="center"|%I
| 以 12 小时格式显示两位小时数 |01
到12
|- |align="center"|%l('L' 的小写)
| 以 12 小时格式显示小时数,单个数字前含空格 |1
到12
|- |align="center"|%M
| 两位的分钟数 |00
到59
|- |align="center"|%p
| 指定时间的大写 “AM” 或 “PM” | 比如: 00:31 是AM
,22:23 是PM
|- |align="center"|%P
| 指定时间的小写 “am” 或 “pm” | 比如:00:31 是am
,22:23 是pm
|- |align="center"|%r
| 和 "%I:%M:%S %p" 一样 | 比如: 21:34:17 是09:34:17 PM
|- |align="center"|%R
| 和 "%H:%M" 一样 | 比如: 12:35 AM 是00:35
,4:44 PM 是16:44
|- |align="center"|%S
| 两位数字表示秒 |00
到59
|- |align="center"|%T
| 和 "%H:%M:%S" 一样 | 比如: 09:34:17 PM 是21:34:17
|- |align="center"|%X
| 当前区域首选的时间表示法,不包括日期 | 例如:03:59:16
或15:59:16
|- |align="center"|%z
| 从 UTC 的时区偏移 或 简写(由操作系统决定) | 比如: 东部时间是-0500
或EST
|- |align="center"|%Z
| %z 没有给出的 UTC 的时区偏移 或 简写(由操作系统决定) | 比如:-0500
或EST
是东部时间 |- |align="center"| 时间和日期戳 | --- | --- |- |align="center"|%c
| 当前区域首选的日期时间表达 | 比如: 2009 年 2 月 5 日上午 12:45:10 是Tue Feb 5 00:45:10 2009
|- |align="center"|%D
| 和 "%m/%d/%y" 一样 | 比如: 2009 年 2 月 5 日是02/05/09
|- |align="center"|%F
| Same as "%Y-%m-%d" (commonly used in database datestamps) | 比如:2009 年 2 月 5 日是2009-02-05
|- |align="center"|%s
| Unix纪元的时间戳(和 time() 函数一样) | 比如: 1979 年 9 月 10 日上午 8 点 40 分 00 秒是305815200
|- |align="center"|%x
| 当前区域首选的时间表示法,不包括时间 | 比如: 2009 年 2 月 5 日是02/05/09
|- |align="center"| 其他 | --- | --- |- |align="center"|%n
| 换行符("\n") | --- |- |align="center"|%t
| Tab 字符("\t") | --- |- |align="center"|%%
| 文字上的百分字符("%") | --- |}这个参数的最大长度是 1023 个字符。
Warning
尽管 ISO 9889:1999(当前的 C 标准)明确指出一周从星期一开始,但是 Sun Solaris 的一周似乎从星期天开始并作为 1。所以 %u 的结果也许不会和手册里描述得一样。
Warning
仅针对 Windows:这个函数里
%e
修饰符修饰符还不能支持 Windows。 为了得到这个值可以用%#d
修饰符来代替。下例说明了如何写一个跨平台支持的函数。Warning
仅针对 Mac OS X:这个函数里
%P
修饰符还不能支持 Mac OS X。 timestamp
可选的
timestamp
参数是一个 int 的 Unix 时间戳,如未指定,参数值默认为当前本地时间。也就是说,其值默认为 time() 的返回值。
返回值
根据指定的 timestamp
或未给出 timestamp 是使用当前本地时间,
返回 format
格式化的字符。
月份、星期名和其他与语言相关的字符串遵守 setlocale() 设置的当前区域设置。
错误/异常
在每 次调用日期/时间函数时,如果时区无效则会引发 E_NOTICE
错误,如果使用系统设定值或 TZ
环境变量,则会引发 E_STRICT
或 E_WARNING
消息。参见
date_default_timezone_set()。
由于输出依赖于 C 库,所以一些转换标记并不被支持。
在 Windows 上,使用未知的转换标记将导致
5 E_WARNING
信息,并返回 false
。
在其他的操作系统上,你可能不能得到任何 E_WARNING
信息,
并且可能输出未经转换的转换标记。
更新日志
版本 | 说明 |
---|---|
5.1.0 | 现在发布 E_STRICT 和 E_NOTICE
时区错误。 |
范例
如果你的系统里安装了各自的语言环境则下例能够正常运行。
Example #1 strftime() 区域的例子
<?phpsetlocale(LC_TIME, "C");echo strftime("%A");setlocale(LC_TIME, "fi_FI");echo strftime(" in Finnish is %A,");setlocale(LC_TIME, "fr_FR");echo strftime(" in French %A and");setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE");echo strftime(" in German %A.\n");?>
Example #2 ISO 8601:1988 week number example
<?php/* December 2002 / January 2003ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su----- ----------------------------51 16 17 18 19 20 21 2252 23 24 25 26 27 28 291 30 31 1 2 3 4 52 6 7 8 9 10 11 123 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 */// 输出: 12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2002,2002echo "12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/28/2002")) . "\n";// 输出: 12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2002echo "12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/30/2002")) . "\n";// 输出: 1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2003echo "1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2003")) . "\n";// 输出: 1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 2,2003,2003echo "1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/10/2003")) . "\n";/* December 2004 / January 2005ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su----- ----------------------------51 13 14 15 16 17 18 1952 20 21 22 23 24 25 2653 27 28 29 30 31 1 21 3 4 5 6 7 8 92 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 */// 输出: 12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2004,2004echo "12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/23/2004")) . "\n";// 输出: 12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2004echo "12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/31/2004")) . "\n";// 输出: 1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2005echo "1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/2/2005")) . "\n";// 输出: 1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2005,2005echo "1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2005")) . "\n";?>
Example #3 %e
修改器跨平台兼容的例子
<?php// Jan 1: results in: '%e%1%' (%%, e, %%, %e, %%)$format = '%%e%%%e%%';// Check for Windows to find and replace the %e // modifier correctlyif (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) == 'WIN') { $format = preg_replace('#(?<!%)((?:%%)*)%e#', '</refsect1>%#d', $format);}echo strftime($format);?>
Example #4 显示所有已知和未知的格式
<?php// Describe the formats.$strftimeFormats = array( 'A' => 'A full textual representation of the day', 'B' => 'Full month name, based on the locale', 'C' => 'Two digit representation of the century (year divided by 100, truncated to an integer)', 'D' => 'Same as "%m/%d/%y"', 'E' => , 'F' => 'Same as "%Y-%m-%d"', 'G' => 'The full four-digit version of %g', 'H' => 'Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format', 'I' => 'Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format', 'J' => , 'K' => , 'L' => , 'M' => 'Two digit representation of the minute', 'N' => , 'O' => , 'P' => 'lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time', 'Q' => , 'R' => 'Same as "%H:%M"', 'S' => 'Two digit representation of the second', 'T' => 'Same as "%H:%M:%S"', 'U' => 'Week number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week', 'V' => 'ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week', 'W' => 'A numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week', 'X' => 'Preferred time representation based on locale, without the date', 'Y' => 'Four digit representation for the year', 'Z' => 'The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system)', 'a' => 'An abbreviated textual representation of the day', 'b' => 'Abbreviated month name, based on the locale', 'c' => 'Preferred date and time stamp based on local', 'd' => 'Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros)', 'e' => 'Day of the month, with a space preceding single digits', 'f' => , 'g' => 'Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V)', 'h' => 'Abbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b)', 'i' => , 'j' => 'Day of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros', 'k' => , 'l' => 'Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceeding single digits', 'm' => 'Two digit representation of the month', 'n' => 'A newline character ("\n")', 'o' => , 'p' => 'UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time', 'q' => , 'r' => 'Same as "%I:%M:%S %p"', 's' => 'Unix Epoch Time timestamp', 't' => 'A Tab character ("\t")', 'u' => 'ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week', 'v' => , 'w' => 'Numeric representation of the day of the week', 'x' => 'Preferred date representation based on locale, without the time', 'y' => 'Two digit representation of the year', 'z' => 'Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system)', '%' => 'A literal percentage character ("%")',);// Results.$strftimeValues = array();// Evaluate the formats whilst suppressing any errors.foreach($strftimeFormats as $format => $description){ if (False !== ($value = @strftime("%{$format}"))){ $strftimeValues[$format] = $value; }}// Find the longest value.$maxValueLength = 2 + max(array_map('strlen', $strftimeValues));// Report known formats.foreach($strftimeValues as $format => $value){ echo "Known format : '{$format}' = ", str_pad("'{$value}'", $maxValueLength), " ( {$strftimeFormats[$format]} )\n";}// Report unknown formats.foreach(array_diff_key($strftimeFormats, $strftimeValues) as $format => $description){ echo "Unknown format : '{$format}' ", str_pad(' ', $maxValueLength), ($description ? " ( {$description} )" : ), "\n";}?>
以上例程的输出类似于:
Known format : 'A' = 'Friday' ( A full textual representation of the day ) Known format : 'B' = 'December' ( Full month name, based on the locale ) Known format : 'H' = '11' ( Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format ) Known format : 'I' = '11' ( Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format ) Known format : 'M' = '24' ( Two digit representation of the minute ) Known format : 'S' = '44' ( Two digit representation of the second ) Known format : 'U' = '48' ( Week number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week ) Known format : 'W' = '48' ( A numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week ) Known format : 'X' = '11:24:44' ( Preferred time representation based on locale, without the date ) Known format : 'Y' = '2010' ( Four digit representation for the year ) Known format : 'Z' = 'GMT Standard Time' ( The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system) ) Known format : 'a' = 'Fri' ( An abbreviated textual representation of the day ) Known format : 'b' = 'Dec' ( Abbreviated month name, based on the locale ) Known format : 'c' = '12/03/10 11:24:44' ( Preferred date and time stamp based on local ) Known format : 'd' = '03' ( Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros) ) Known format : 'j' = '337' ( Day of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros ) Known format : 'm' = '12' ( Two digit representation of the month ) Known format : 'p' = 'AM' ( UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time ) Known format : 'w' = '5' ( Numeric representation of the day of the week ) Known format : 'x' = '12/03/10' ( Preferred date representation based on locale, without the time ) Known format : 'y' = '10' ( Two digit representation of the year ) Known format : 'z' = 'GMT Standard Time' ( Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system) ) Known format : '%' = '%' ( A literal percentage character ("%") ) Unknown format : 'C' ( Two digit representation of the century (year divided by 100, truncated to an integer) ) Unknown format : 'D' ( Same as "%m/%d/%y" ) Unknown format : 'E' Unknown format : 'F' ( Same as "%Y-%m-%d" ) Unknown format : 'G' ( The full four-digit version of %g ) Unknown format : 'J' Unknown format : 'K' Unknown format : 'L' Unknown format : 'N' Unknown format : 'O' Unknown format : 'P' ( lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time ) Unknown format : 'Q' Unknown format : 'R' ( Same as "%H:%M" ) Unknown format : 'T' ( Same as "%H:%M:%S" ) Unknown format : 'V' ( ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week ) Unknown format : 'e' ( Day of the month, with a space preceding single digits ) Unknown format : 'f' Unknown format : 'g' ( Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V) ) Unknown format : 'h' ( Abbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b) ) Unknown format : 'i' Unknown format : 'k' Unknown format : 'l' ( Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceeding single digits ) Unknown format : 'n' ( A newline character ("\n") ) Unknown format : 'o' Unknown format : 'q' Unknown format : 'r' ( Same as "%I:%M:%S %p" ) Unknown format : 's' ( Unix Epoch Time timestamp ) Unknown format : 't' ( A Tab character ("\t") ) Unknown format : 'u' ( ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week ) Unknown format : 'v'
注释
Note:
%G 和 %V,如果数字编号系统未能充分理解,基于 ISO 8601:1988 的星期数可能得出未预期的结果。见上面的 %V 和以下的例子。
参见
- » 在线 strftime() 格式设计工具
- setlocale() - 设置地区信息
- mktime() - 取得一个日期的 Unix 时间戳
- strptime() - 解析由 strftime 生成的日期/时间
- gmstrftime() - 根据区域设置格式化 GMT/UTC 时间/日期
- » Open Group specification of strftime()