Php/docs/function.mysql-real-escape-string
mysql_real_escape_string
(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5)
mysql_real_escape_string — 转义 SQL 语句中使用的字符串中的特殊字符,并考虑到连接的当前字符集
Warning 本扩展自 PHP 5.5.0 起已废弃,并在自 PHP 7.0.0 开始被移除。应使用 MySQLi 或 PDO_MySQL 扩展来替换之。参见 MySQL:选择 API 指南以及相关 FAQ 来获取更多信息。用以替代本函数的有:
说明
mysql_real_escape_string
( string $unescaped_string
[, resource $link_identifier
= NULL
] ) : string
本函数将
unescaped_string
中的特殊字符转义,并计及连接的当前字符集,因此可以安全用于
mysql_query()。
mysql_real_escape_string() 调用mysql库的函数
mysql_real_escape_string, 在以下字符前添加反斜杠:
\x00
, \n
,
\r
, \
, '
,
"
和 \x1a
.
为了安全起见,在像MySQL传送查询前,必须调用这个函数(除了少数例外情况)。
Caution The character set must be set either at the server level, or with the API function mysql_set_charset() for it to affect mysql_real_escape_string(). See the concepts section on character sets for more information.
参数
unescaped_string
- The string that is to be escaped.
link_identifier
- MySQL 连接。如不指定连接标识,则使用由 mysql_connect() 最近打开的连接。如果没有找到该连接,会尝试不带参数调用 mysql_connect() 来创建。如没有找到连接或无法建立连接,则会生成
E_WARNING
级别的错误。
返回值
Returns the escaped string, or false
on error.
错误/异常
Executing this function without a MySQL connection present will
also emit E_WARNING
level PHP errors. Only
execute this function with a valid MySQL connection present.
范例
Example #1 mysql_real_escape_string() 例子
<?php// Connect$link = mysql_connect('mysql_host', 'mysql_user', 'mysql_password') OR die(mysql_error());// Query$query = sprintf("SELECT * FROM users WHERE user='%s' AND password='%s'", mysql_real_escape_string($user), mysql_real_escape_string($password));?>
Example #2 mysql_real_escape_string() requires a connection example
This example demonstrates what happens if a MySQL connection is not present when calling this function.
<?php// We have not connected to MySQL$lastname = "O'Reilly";$_lastname = mysql_real_escape_string($lastname);$query = "SELECT * FROM actors WHERE last_name = '$_lastname'";var_dump($_lastname);var_dump($query);?>
以上例程的输出类似于:
Warning: mysql_real_escape_string(): No such file or directory in /this/test/script.php on line 5 Warning: mysql_real_escape_string(): A link to the server could not be established in /this/test/script.php on line 5 bool(false) string(41) "SELECT * FROM actors WHERE last_name = ''"
Example #3 An example SQL Injection Attack
<?php// We didn't check $_POST['password'], it could be anything the user wanted! For example:$_POST['username'] = 'aidan';$_POST['password'] = "' OR ='";// Query database to check if there are any matching users$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE user='{$_POST['username']}' AND password='{$_POST['password']}'";mysql_query($query);// This means the query sent to MySQL would be:echo $query;?>
The query sent to MySQL:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE user='aidan' AND password='' OR ''=''
This would allow anyone to log in without a valid password.
注释
Note:
A MySQL connection is required before using mysql_real_escape_string() otherwise an error of level
E_WARNING
is generated, andfalse
is returned. Iflink_identifier
isn't defined, the last MySQL connection is used.
Note:
If magic_quotes_gpc is enabled, first apply stripslashes() to the data. Using this function on data which has already been escaped will escape the data twice.
Note:
If this function is not used to escape data, the query is vulnerable to SQL Injection Attacks.
Note:
mysql_real_escape_string() does not escape
%
and_
. These are wildcards in MySQL if combined withLIKE
,GRANT
, orREVOKE
.
参见
- mysql_set_charset() - 设置客户端的字符集
- mysql_client_encoding() - 返回字符集的名称
- addslashes() - 使用反斜线引用字符串
- stripslashes() - 反引用一个引用字符串
- The magic_quotes_gpc directive
- The magic_quotes_runtime directive